Normal human serum was depleted of factor I by immunoaffinity chromatography.The product is tested for the absence of factor I by double immunodiffusion. Factor I is a regulator of complement activation (Pangburn, M.K., et al. (1977)).Factor I-Dpl is still capable of activating all three pathways of complement if metal ions are added.Activation of the alternative pathway is spontaneous and occurs in normal blood, in factor I deficient individuals and in Factor I-Dpl serum.Our depleted serum is stored with 0.1 mM EDTA to inhibit spontaneous activation.Upon the addition of magnesium ions spontaneous activation produces fluid phase C3b due to alternative pathway tick-over (Pangburn, M.K., Müller-Eberhard, H.J. (1980)).In normal human blood or serum this C3b would be rapidly inactivated to iC3b, by factors H and I (Pangburn, M.K., et al. (1977); (Laursen, S.B. et al. (1994)), however, in the absence of factor I, C3b remains as C3b.This C3b binds factor B and factor B is activated by factor D forming the C3b,Bb complex and the free Ba fragment.Because factor H is present in Factor I-Dpl Bb is rapidly decayed off the C3b,Bb complex.The free C3b then binds another factor B and the process repeats itself until little or no factor B remains.In factor I-deficient individuals their factor B levels are very low and they exhibit low or very low C3 levels (Davis, A.E.III, et al. (1977); Nilsson, S.C., et al. (2009)).Individuals with factor I deficiencies are susceptible to recurrent bacterial infections and exhibit little or no alternative pathway activity (Abramson, N. et al. (1971); Nilsson, S.C., et al. (2009)).
Factor I-Dpl is certified to possess a functional alternative pathway for complement activation only if factor I or a controlling factor with a function similar to that of factor I is added prior to the addition of metal ions (specifically Mg++).Full reconstitution requires addition of 34 µg factor I/mL serum.It is also tested for and certified to contain functional classical pathway indicating that all other complement components necessary for classical and alternative pathway activation are present except for factor I (Morgan, B.P. (2000); Dodds, A.W. and Sim, R.B. (1997)).
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